The Thirty Years’ War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in world history, occupying much of Europe and laying waste to entire regions of the continent. I was expecting the Ospery book to provide me with an informative and … When the Lutheran magistrates of Donauwörth flatly refused to permit their Catholic subjects freedom of worship, the Bavarians marched into the city and restored Catholic worship by force (December 1607). This “War of Cologne” was a turning point in the religious history of Germany. Its major belligerents included France, Sweden, Austria, Denmark, and numerous princes of the Holy Roman Empire. In this strategy game, players will take control of one of the opposing sides, Protestants or Catholics, and fight for the control of the Empire. His duchies, occupying a strategic position in the Lower Rhineland, had both Protestant and Catholic subjects, but both of the main claimants to the inheritance were Protestants; under the cuius regio principle, their succession would lead to the expulsion of the Catholics. The Thirty Years' War was a major conflict that occurred in Europe from1618 to1648. This caused fighting between the groups. At the top was the right (known as cuius regio, eius religio) of every secular ruler, from the seven electors down to the imperial knights, to dictate whether their subjects’ religion was to be Lutheran or Catholic (the only officially permitted creeds). One such was Donauwörth, an independent city just across the Danube from Bavaria, obliged (by the Peace of Augsburg) to tolerate both Catholics and Protestants. Not only were huge numbers of soldiers killed in battle in virtually every part of the Holy Roman Empire, but even greater numbers of the civilian population died in the conflict or through starvation or disease. Origins of the War. They rejected Ferdinand and launched the Thirty Years' War. Swabia, for example, more or less equal in area to modern Switzerland, included 68 secular and 40 spiritual princes and also 32 imperial free cities. Although, to some extent, war came to Germany after 1618 because of the existence of these militant confessional alliances, the continuity must not be exaggerated. The new crisis began with the death of John William, the childless duke of Cleves-Jülich, in March 1609. Quick Reference (1618–48) A series of conflicts, fought mainly in Germany, in which Protestant–Catholic rivalries and German constitutional issues were gradually subsumed in a European struggle. The objective of each player is to gain dominance over Europe. This war started off as... Paying the Price for the Thirty Years’ War. 1618-1648 - what a pleasing timeframe! The Catholics made many Protestants leave their home lands. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, involving most of the countries of Europe. The Thirty Years War — 10 Key Facts About the 17th Century Conflict That Transformed Europe 1. The Bohemian problem was resolved swiftly. Most of the fighting took place in the Holy Roman Empire, although the war grew to include European powers outside of the Empire.What began as a local, religious conflict became more and more continental and political with each expanding phase of the war. The Thirty Years War (1618-48), though pre-eminently a German war, was also of great importance for the history of the whole of Europe, not only because nearly all the countries of Western Europe took part in it, but also on account of its connection with the other great European wars of the same era and on account of its final results. First, the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which was signed quickly by Charles V, agreed with the 1526 Diet of Speyer and stopped the fighting between the Lutherans and the Catholics in Germany. http://www.tomrichey.netThe Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618-1648 (Thirty Years!) His lands were given to his cousin Ferdinand of Styria. The English ambassador in Turin, Isaac Wake, was sanguine: “The gates of Janus have been shut,” he exulted in late 1617, promising “calm and Halcyonian days not only unto the inhabitants of this province of Italye, but to the greatest part of Christendome.” That Wake was so soon proved wrong was due largely to events in the lands of the Austrian Habsburgs over the winter of 1617–18. And it was this upheaval – not military conflict per se – that took the heaviest human toll. In Bavaria, as well as in Würzburg, Bamberg, and other ecclesiastical states, Protestants were given the choice of either conversion or exile. The Thirty Years’ War began in 1618, and lasted until 1648. Shortly afterward, an Italian Capuchin, Fray Lorenzo da Brindisi, later canonized, arrived in the city and was himself mobbed by a Lutheran crowd chanting “Capuchin, Capuchin, scum, scum.” He heard from the local clergy of their plight and promised to find redress. Rather than a religious conflict with clear lines, it turned into more of a multisided battle royale . The Lutherans said it was only an agreement that would last for a short time. The Thirty Years War is a war fought in the pre-industrial age, so loss of human life and indeed of animals cannot be replaced by machinery. The king-elect then sent two Catholic councillors (Wilhelm Grav Slavata and Jaroslav Borzita Graf Von Martinicz) as his representatives to Hradčany castle in Prague in May 1618. Since both were members of the Union, they solicited, and received, promises of military aid from their colleagues; they also received, via Christian of Anhalt, similar promises from the kings of France and England. Thirty Years War WHEN? Only Austria was capable of operating on its own. The Thirty Years War is the series of conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire and its surroundings, between 1618 and 1648. 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